Solvents
The term “solvents” refers to a class of chemical compounds described by function. Solvents, which are generally in liquid form, are used to dissolve, suspend or extract other materials, usually without chemically changing either the solvents or the other materials.
Key Points/Overview
Different solvents meet specific needs to make products with optimal performance attributes, including spray paints that dry quickly and don’t clog the spray nozzle, inks that don’t smudge, paints that look good and last a long time, and strong cleaners that are good for tough, greasy jobs.
Hydrocarbon and oxygenated solvents have been in widespread use for more than 50 years and the subject of extensive health and environmental effects studies. In some instances, solvents are used directly (e.g., nail polish remover); in other cases, the solvent is part of another product or used in the manufacturing process to make a product. When using a solvent, consult the manufacturer’s instructions for safe use.
For manufacturers, solvents are subject to a variety of federal and state regulations, including regulations that govern the industrial storage and disposal of hazardous wastes, workplace exposure limits, requirements for the safe transport of chemical substances, and regulations pertaining to release of chemicals to air, land and water.
Uses & Benefits
Solvents in Paints and Coatings
In paints, solvents dissolve or disperse the components used in the paint formulation, to make paint the desired consistency for application and to avoid clumps or globs. Glycol ether esters are added to some spray paints to prevent them from drying in mid-air. The slow evaporation of this powerful group of solvents means that cars, for example, can get several smooth, flawless applications of paint for a beautiful, more durable finish. Click here to learn more about solvents in paints and coatings.
Solvents in Inks
Many inks, used to print everything from magazines to food packaging and labels, rely on solvents to be applied properly, stay in place, and achieve their vivid colors. The hydrocarbon solvent toluene is used as the ink solvent in a specialized type of magazine printing, because it evaporates quickly enough to prevent smudging and leftover toluene is easily recycled. Click here to learn more about solvents in inks.
Solvents in Personal Care Products
Many cosmetic products rely on solvents to dissolve ingredients and enable them to work properly. Solvents are used in lotions, powders and shaving creams to provide appropriate consistency for the product. Ethanol is used by perfume manufacturers as their solvent of choice because of its low odor. The low boiling point of ethanol means that the solvent evaporates quickly and does not remain on the skin. Ethyl acetate or acetone is used in nail polish and is especially valued for its fast-drying properties. It is also used in nail polish removal fluids, and its high solvency power means that the polish can be removed easily from the nail. Click here to learn more about solvents in personal care products.
Solvents in Cleaning Products
Glycol ethers are highly effective as an active component of heavy-duty glass, floor and other hard surface cleaning formulations. These solvents have good water compatibility, high solvency for greases and oils and good biodegradability. Isoparaffins are used to dry-clean clothes. These solvents are valued for their low odor, favorable health and environmental profile, safe handling characteristics and excellent cleaning efficiency. Click here to learn more about solvents in cleaning products.